Short CVACADEMIC QUALIFICATIONS
Degree: B.Sc. Forestry/Nature Conservation
1976-1979
University of Stellenbosch
Degree: M.Sc. (Agric.) (cum laude)
1984-1986
University of Stellenbosch
Subject: Plant Pathology
Thesis: Sphaeropsis sapinea, with special reference to its occurrence on Pinus spp. in South Africa.
Degree: Ph.D (Agric.)
1988-1991
University of the Free State
Subject: Plant Pathology
Thesis: Aspects of the biology and taxonomy of Sphaeropsis sapinea with particular reference to variation within the species.
PROFESSIONAL ENGAGEMENTS
Appointments
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December 1979 to December 1986
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Forestry Scientist
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Forestry Branch
Department of Environmental Affairs
Pretoria
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January 1987 to June 1988
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Agricultural Researcher
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Plant Protection Research Institute
Stellenbosch
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July 1988 to December 1991
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Lecturer
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Department of Plant Pathology
University of the Free State Bloemfontein
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January 1992 to December 1995
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Senior Lecturer
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Department of Plant Pathology
University of the Free State Bloemfontein
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January 1996 to December 2001
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Associate Professor
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Department of Plant Pathology
University of the Free State Bloemfontein
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January 2002 to 30 June 2009
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Professor
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Department of Plant Sciences
University of the Free State Bloemfontein
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July 2009 to present
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Senior Professor and Director of Strategic Research Cluster: Technologies for Sustainable Crop Industries in Semi-arid Regions.
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University of the Free State Bloemfontein
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Research fellowships awarded
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January 1996 to September 1996
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Research fellowship:
Visiting Professor
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Sabbatical at the Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin,
USA
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October 2001 to March 2002
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Research fellowship:
Visiting Professor
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Sabbatical at the Department of Plant Pathology, University of California,
Davis, Kearney Agricultural Center,
USA
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Awards
Research Excellence 2004, Awarded by the Research Directorate, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein
Professional training courses undertaken
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1989 – 1990
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13 Work sessions in Professional Development
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Buro for University Education, University of the Free State
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16 – 18 February 1994
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Research 2000: Research Management for FRD Grant-holders
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Groman Consulting Group
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15 – 19 May 1995
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Capillary Gas Chromatography
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Department of Clinical Pathology, Medunsa, Pretoria. (Presented by Wirsam and Medunsa)
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10-14 August 2009
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First International Cornell Soil Health Train-the –Trainer Workshop
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College of Agricultural and Life Sciences
Dept of Crop and Soil Sciences
Cornell University
Ithaca
New York
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Membership of professional societies and organisations
National
South African Institute of Forestry – April 1984 to December 1999
South African Society of Plant Pathology – January 1984 to date
· Chairman of Western Cape Branch – March 1986 to March 1988
· National Treasurer – March 1990 to March 1993
· Vice-President – March 2003 to March 2006
Southern African New Crop Research Association – September 1998 to date
· President – September 1998 to July 2002
· Liaison Officer – August 2002 to date
International
American Phytopathological Society – August 1986 to date
· Member of Forest Pathology Committee – November 1993 to 1996
Editorial activities
Editorial positions held
· Assistant Editor – South African Forestry Journal – 1982 to 1984
· International Editorial Advisory Board of the Lesotho Journal of Agricultural Sciences, January 2007.
Invited reviews of manuscripts (MS)
Phytophylactica
1989: MS# 3230, 3231, 3232
1991: MS# 3378, 3428, 3409
1992: MS# 3451
Mycological Research
1995: MS# MYC 95-124
1995: MS# 95-270
2000: MS# 00-147
2005: MS# MYCRES-D-05-00021
Phytopathology
1996: MS# 763EP
1998: MS# 543RF
African Plant Protection
1997: 3 manuscripts
1998: 2 manuscripts
1999: 2 manuscripts
2000: 1 manuscript
2001: 1 manuscript
European Journal of Forest Pathology
1999: MS# 503
2000: MS# 516
Mycopathologia
2001: MYCO-2723-2
2001: MYCO-2724-2
Plant Disease
2005: PD-12-05-0196-PDN
2006: PD-04-06-0213-PDN
Plant Foods for Human Nutrition
2006: QUAL108
Invited reviews of books
1. Couthino, T and Serfontein, J. 2007. Bacterial diseases of plants. Pretoria: Briza Books. Area of Expertise
: In the first 7 years of my career I conducted research on numerous fungal pathogens of woody plants especially Pinus spp. and Eucalyptus spp. with the aim of elucidating aspects pertaining to their ecology and epidemiology. During the latter part of this period my research also focused on the effect of drought stress on the susceptibility of trees to infection by canker pathogens; the physiological mechanisms that are responsible for pathogenicity and resistance and tissue culture techniques that can be used far more rapidly and effectively for the selection of disease resistant pine and eucalypt genotypes. Based on this information, an integrated approach to the management of forest diseases, particularly those caused by the fungus Sphaeropsis sapinea becamepossible for the first time in South Africa.
In the past 8 years my research has focused on developing an understanding of the biotic interactions that occur between plants and endophytic or latent-infecting fungi (particularly Alternaria, Botryosphaeria, and Fusarium) and, where relevant, insect pests that are associated with these interactions. Studies are conducted within the context of the New Crop Pathology Programme (NCPP) that I supervise in the Department of Plant Pathology at our university where the health and yield of new/alternative crops are studied. Amaranth - a valuable potential food crop for southern Africa – has been used as a model for studying these interactions but other new/alternative crops such as pistachio, hemp, cactus pear, pigeonpea, kenaf and walnut are also being studied.
Future research: My research for the next five years will focus on the establishment of agricultural systems that are economically sustainable and environmentally sound. I see this as a big challenge in the light of global warming and the need to plant marginal areas with crop species that are drought and salt tolerant. These underutilized, or ‘new crops’, can provide employment in rural communities in semi-arid areas where it will be particularly difficult for farmers to make a living on traditional crops, such as maize or wheat. It is imperative that innovative crop production and protection strategies, with particular emphasis on plant health, as influenced by soil health, be adopted. New management and cultural practices for new crops often favour attack by pests and diseases particularly where sub-optimal or stress conditions for the host plant are created.
The focus of my research will therefore be to adopt a “systems approach” by utilizing the functional diversity of fungi and bacteria, above- and below ground, as bio-indicators of soil and plant health. Qualitative and quantitative responses of microbial diversity in time and space to agricultural practices such as tillage vs no-tillage, fertilization, mulching, irrigation, and composting will be investigated with a view to increasing agroecosystem quality, productivity and sustainability. An ecological perspective combined with a holistic or “systems approach” is thus of paramount importance to the maintenance of healthy crops. This perspective requires a thorough understanding of the biotic and abiotic interactions that contribute to reduced biodiversity and which subsequently results in the disturbance of the ecological stability of the agroecosystem. Microbial diversity is critical to the ecosystem functioning as a result of the many processes for which microbes and arthropods are responsible, such as decomposition and nutrient cycling, soil aggregation, and pathogenicity. The biodiversity of microorganisms, insects and arthropods in a particular agroecosystem is therefore the key to understanding all biological interactions that occur within a particular agroecosystem.
Microorganisms above and below ground are highly sensitive to disturbance, such as those introduced by agricultural practices, and there may function as early warning indicators of changes in ecosystem quality. For this reason a better understanding of soil quality and health, and hence plant health too, may be obtained by studying fluxes in microbial diversity and functional diversity. The use of bioindicators, although not new, is an innovative approach for assessing various types of environmental manipulation such as agriculture. The approach uses biological organisms and their changing diversity in time and space as tools to assess ongoing changes in the environment. Bioindicator-based studies also have the potential to make a major contribution to optimising farming systems for new and staple crops as well as understanding and manipulating their overall stability and sustainability.
These investigations will be conducted within the physical framework of cropping systems for new crops. Most of these cropping systems (e.g. pistachio, sorghum, canola) have been in existence for a number of years in various parts of South Africa. Others such as pigeonpea, amaranthus, Hoodia and kenaf are more recent cropping systems in SA, while crambe and jatropha are being considered for the production of biodiesel. Soil from each cropping system will be analyzed to identify their microbial and organic profiles which will be compared with uncultivated soil of a similar type/structure and occurring in the same locality. Attention will also be given to the presence of endophytic and/or mycorrhizal fungi inhabiting the crops concerned with a view to determining their pathogenic potential and ultimate role in the overall health of the agroecosystem.
Both biochemical-based techniques and molecular-based techniques will be utilized in my lab depending on their speed, cost and sensitivity. Diffusion plating of soil samples on selective and nutrient agar culture media will be used to determine microbial species distribution between soil types or treatments. So too will sole carbon source utilisation patterns (SSCU patterns) be used for the monitoring of microbial populations for their ability to utilise substrates and the speed at which these substrates are utilized. This method will be used to assess potential metabolic diversity of microbial communities in soil that is treated with pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers.
Community level physiological profiling (CLPP) is a relatively inexpensive method used to differentiate between microbial communities. Fatty acid methyl ester analysis (FAME) will extract fatty acids from soils for gas chromatography analysis to detect changes in the composition of bacterial and fungal communities. Principal component analysis of phospholipid fatty acid analysis (PLFA) will also be utilized to detect changes in microbial communities. Denaturing and temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE and TGGE) are reliable and rapid techniques to follow changes in microbial populations. Other PCR-based approaches such as RFLP analysis will also be investigated. This tool has been used to study microbial diversity that relies on DNA polymorphisms and is useful for observing structural changes in microbial communities. Courses PresentedACADEMIC AND TEACHING ENGAGEMENTS
Under-graduate training
1. PPG 444 – Host-parasite Interactions – 24 one hour lectures
2. PPG 424 – Phytobacteriology and Virology – 24 one hour lectures
3. PPG 324 – Plant Health Management – 5 one hour lectures
4.2 Post-graduate training
4.2.1 Modules and lectures presented
1. B.Sc. Agric. Hons in Plant Pathology – PPG 624
Module: Host-parasite interactions
2. Masters in Sustainable Agriculture – MVL 762
Module: General Plant Pathology
3. Research Skills in Plant Pathology – PPG 701
Module: Basic photographic skills for scientists
Module: Visual presentation of research results
Module: Characterization of micro-organisms
4. Applied Plant Pathology – PPG 702
Advanced Seed Pathology
Host-parasite Interactions
5. Plant Sciences Hons. – PWS 614
3 hour lecture: Photography
2 hour lecture: Presentation skills
2 hour lecture: Philosophy and Logic in Scientific Writing
Supervisor
1. Miss E. Conradie: 1989 – 1990
M.Sc. cum laude (Co-supervisor – Prof M.J. Wingfield, UFS)
Cryphonectria canker of Eucalyptus: An important disease in plantation forestry in South Africa.
Research output: 5 publications
2. Mr A. Cilliers: 1992 – 1994
M.Sc. (Co-supervisor – Prof M.J. Wingfield, UFS)
The biology of Lasiodiplodia theobromae on Pinus spp., With particular reference to its occurrence
on seeds.
Research output: 3 publications
3. Ms W-M. Botes: 1994 – 2000
M.Sc. (Co-supervisor – Prof P.W. Crous, US)
An assessment of endophytic fungi in needles and seeds of three Pinus spp. cultivated in South
Africa.
Research output: 1 publication
4. Mr D. Nieuwoudt: 1998 – 2000
M.Sc. (Co-supervisor – Prof. J.C. Pretorius, UFS)
Factors relevant to the establishment of an integrated and sustainable disease management
programme for pistachio nut cultivation in South Africa.
Research output: 1 publication
5. Mr J. Bekker: 1998 – 2000
Masters in Sustainable Agriculture (Co-supervisor – Prof. I. Groenewald, UFS)
Die volhoubaarheid van vroeë generasie aartappelmoerproduksie in Mpumalanga.
6. Mr D.S. Ghebramariam: 2000 – 2002
M.Sc. (Co-supervisor – Dr S. Koch, PPRI-ARC)
Biology and control of colletotrichum anthracnose of lupin.
Research output: 3 publications
7. Mr T. Geleta: 2000 – 2002
Ph.D. (Co-supervisors – Dr N. McClaren, ARC; Dr J. Saayman-du Toit, ARC)
Grain mould-weather relationships, interaction with ergot and resistance mechanisms in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor).
Research output: 2 publications
8. Mr M.T. Tesfaedrias: 2001 – 2002
M.Sc. (Co-supervisor – Prof JC Pretorius)
Characterization of diseases of Hibiscus cannabinus (kenaf) with specific reference to the influence of environmental and cultural factors.
Research output: 1 publication
9. Ms M. Kena: 2000 – 2003
Ph.D. (Co-supervisor – Dr S. Ralitsoele, Lesotho)
Application of organic soil amendments for sustainable management of soil-borne plant diseases in Lesotho.
10. Ms L. Van Jaarsveld: 2001 – 2004
M.Sc. (Co-supervisor – Prof Z.A. Pretorius)
Characterization of diseases of Cajanus cajani (pigeonpea) in South Africa with specific reference to the rust Uredo cajani.
11. Mr M.T. Tesfaedrias: 2003 – 2006
Ph.D. (Co-supervisor – Dr N.W. McLaren)
Characterization of fungi causing grain mould of sorghum.
Research output: 1 publication
12. Ms P. Ditshipi: 2004 – 2006
Ph.D. (Co-supervisor – Dr N.W. McLaren)
Integrated management of Fusarium root rot of sorghum in South Africa.
Research output: 1 publication
13. Ms J. Terblanche: 2001 – 2007
M.Sc.
A preliminary investigation of the possible use of Tagetes spp. for the biological control of Ralstonia solanacearum on tobacco.
Research output: 2 publications
14. Mrs A. Allemann: 2005 – 2007
M.Sc (Co-supervisor – Dr N.W. McLaren)
The biology of alternaria in pistachio orchards.
Co-supervisor
1. Mrs N. Nichol (neé Knipscheer): 1989 – 1991
M.Sc. Microbiology (Supervisor – Prof. M.J. Wingfield)
The biology and occurrence of Phaeoseptoria eucalypti on Eucalyptus species in South Africa.
Research output: 3 publications
2. Ms E. Steenkamp: 1994 – 1995
M.Sc. Microbiology (Supervisor – Dr B Wingfield, UFS)
A preliminary study of dsRNA in Sphaeropsis sapinea.
Research output: 2 publications
3. Ms E. Engelbrecht: 1995 – 1997
M.Sc. Biochemistry (Supervisor – Dr D. Belldstedt, US)
Pathogenesis related proteins in Pinus spp associated with resistance.to Sphaeropsis sapinea.
4. Mr S.H. Swart: 1993 – 1998
Ph.D. Plant Pathology (Supervisor – Prof. M.J. Wingfield, UFS)
The aetiology, epidemiology and control of Alternaria brown spot disease of Minneola tangelo in South Africa.
5. Mr W. Boshoff: 1995 – 1996
M.Sc. Plant Pathology (Supervisor – Prof. Z.A. Pretorius, UFS)
Characterisation of Fusarium species associated with head blight of wheat in South Africa.
Research output: 4 publications
6. Ms S. Magama: 1997 – 2001
Ph.D. Agronomy (Supervisor – Prof J.C. Pretorius, UFS)
A study of the antimicrobial properties of selected plants growing in the Free State.
Research output: 1 publication
7. Mr K.A. Ahmed: 1999 – 2002
Ph.D. Entomology (Supervisor – Prof S.VdM. Louw, UFS)
Biology and management of Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) and Mycosphaerella pinodes on Pisum sativum L.
Research output: 2 publications
8. Mr V.R. Swart: 2001 – 2002
M.Sc. Entomology (Supervisor – Prof S.VdM. Louw, UFS)
Insect vector-mediated diseases of Opuntia ficus-indica, Pistacia vera, and Cajanus cajani.
Research output: 1 publication
9. Ms R. Oelofse: 2001 – 2002
M.Sc. Plant Breeding/Plant Pathology (Supervisor – Prof M. Labuschagne, UFS)
Characterization of Opuntia ficus-indica cultivars in South Africa.
Research output: 2 publications
10. Mr C. Venter: 2002 – 2004
(Ph.D.) Supervisor Prof C. van Deventer (Dept of Plant Sciences, UFS)
Genotype response and heritability of Fusarium oxysporum resistance in tomato
11. Ms Barbara Moshope: 2003 – 2007
(Ph.D.) - (Supervisor - Prof M. Labuschagne)
Characterization of cactus pear germplasm in South Africa
12. Ms Chrisna Botha: 2006 – 2007
M.Sc. Plant Pathology (Supervisor – Prof. NW McLaren, Dept Plant Sciences, UFS)
Study of inoculation and disease evaluation techniques for Sclerotinia stalk rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) of soybean.
External examiner
1. Mr A.K. Vermeulen: 1997
M.Sc. Plant Pathology. (Supervisor – Prof. G. Holz, US).
Endophytic Phoma species occurring in Acacia mellifera ssp. detinens in Namibia.
2. Ms S. Serdani: 1998
M.Sc. Plant Pathology. (Supervisor – Prof. G. Holz, US).
Pre- and postharvest colonization of apple fruit by fungi, with special reference to Alternaria species.
3. Mr T. Beshir Mohammed: 2003
Ph.D. Plant Pathology. (Supervisor: Prof Z.A. Pretorius, UFS).
Biology and control of bean anthracnose in Ethiopia
4. Mr Habtom Butsuamlak Tesfagiogis: 2003
M.Sc Plant Pathology. (Supervisor: Prof M. Liang, University of Natal).
Biological control of seedling and root diseases on sorghum and tes
5. Mr N.T. Gebeyehu: 2004
Ph.D. Plant Pathology. (Supervisor: Prof Z.A. Pretorius, UFS).
Epidemiology of lentil rust in Ethiopia with special reference to disease progress and yield loss assessment
6. Ms L. Pienaar: 2004
M.Sc. Plant Pathology. (Supervisor: Prof Z.A. Pretorius, UFS).
Assessment of adult plant resistance to stripe rust in wheat.
7. Mr A.O. Abraham: 2005
M.Sc. Plant Pathology. (Supervisor: Prof M. Liang, University of Natal).
Biological control of Phytophthora root rot of citrus seedlings and cuttings
8. Ms W. Bester: 2006
M.Sc. Plant Pathology. (Supervisor: Dr P. Fourie; Co-supervisor: Prof P. Crous, U. Stell.).
Characterisation and management of trunk disease-causing pathogens on table grapevines.
9. Mr J.M. van Niekerk: 2007
Ph.D. Plant Pathology. (Supervisor: Dr P. Fourie; Co-supervisor: Dr F. Halleen, U. Stell.).
Epidemiology of selected grapevine trunk disease causing pathogens in South Africa
10. Mr OJ Caleb 2009
M.Sc. Microbiology (Supervisor Prof K. Jakobs; Co-supervisor:
Microbial community structure as indicator of soil health in apple orchards
11. Ms Mia Cloete 2009
M.Sc Plant Pathology (Supervisor; Dr Lizel Mostert; co-supervisor: Prof Paul Fourie, U. Stell)
Pome fruit trees as alternative hosts of grapevine trunk disease pathogens
12. Mr Elungi Konis 2009
M.Sc. Plant Pathology (Supervisor: Prof Pat Caldwell; co-supervisor; Prof M. Laing, U. KwaZulu-Natal)
Studies of integrated control of selected root diseases of sunflowers using Trichoderma harzianum and silicon.
Post-doctoral supervisor
1. Dr Jim T. Blodgett: March 1997 – May 1998
Graduated: 1996, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madiso, USA.
FRD Prestiguous Post-doctoral Fellowship – awarded for two years.
2. Dr Wei-qun Chen: September 1998 – August 1999
Graduated: 1996, Department of Plant Protection, Northwestern Agricultural University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
Recipient of FRD Grant-Holder’s Post-doctoral bursary.
3. Dr Jude Amadi: October 1999 – May 2000
Graduated: 1990, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
Recipient of FRD Grant-Holder’s Post-doctoral bursary.
4. Dr Terakegn Geleta: August 2005 – February 2007
Graduated: 2002, Department of Plant Pathology, University of the Free State, South Africa.
Recipient of FRD Grant-Holder’s Post-doctoral bursary.
Extra-mural teaching engagements
1. Introductory course in Plant Pathology (9 lectures) at Glen Agricultural College – 1997; 1998. Publications (Short List)Scientific papers in refereed journals
1. Swart, W.J., Knox-Davies, P.S. & Wingfield, M.J. 1985. Sphaeropsis sapinea, with special reference to its occurrence on Pinus spp. in South Africa. South African Journal of Forestry 35: 1-8.
2. Swart, W.J., Wingfield, M.J. & Knox-Davies, P.S. 1987. Factors associated with Sphaeropsis sapinea infection in pine trees in South Africa. Phytophylactica 19: 505-510.
3. Swart, W.J., Wingfield, M.J. & Knox-Davies, P.S. 1987. Selective medium for isolating Sphaeropsis sapinea. Phytopathology 77: 1387-1389.
4. Swart, W.J., Wingfield, M.J. & Knox-Davies, P.S. 1987. Conidial dispersal of Sphaeropsis sapinea in three climatic regions of South Africa. Plant Disease 71: 1038-1040.
5. Swart, W.J., Wingfield, M.J. & Knox-Davies, P.S. 1988. Relative susceptibility to Sphaeropsis sapinea of six Pinus spp. cultivated in South Africa. European Journal of Forest Pathology 18: 184-189.
6. Wingfield, M.J., Swart, W.J. & Abear, B. 1989. First record of Cryphonectria canker of Eucalyptus in South Africa. Phytophylactica 21: 311-313.
7. Swart, W.J., Wingfield, M.J. & Baxter, A.P. 1990. First report of Discula platani on plane trees in South Africa. Phytophylactica 22: 143-144.
8. Conradie, E., Swart, W.J. & Wingfield, M.J. 1990. Cryphonectria canker of Eucalyptus, an important disease in plantation forestry in South Africa. South African Forestry Journal 152: 43-49.
9. Swart, W.J. & Theron, J.M. 1990. Future needs of mycorrhizal research in South African Forestry. South African Forestry Journal 153: 31-35.
10. Zwolinski, J.B., Swart, W.J. & Wingfield, M.J. 1990. Intensity of Sphaeropsis sapinea induced dieback in relation to site conditions. European Journal of Forest Pathology 20: 167-174.
11. Crous, P.W., Wingfield, M.J. & Swart, W.J. 1990. Shoot and needle diseases of pines in South Africa. South African Forestry Journal 154: 60-66.
12. Knipscheer, N.S., Wingfield, M.J. & Swart, W.J. 1990. Phaeoseptoria-leaf spot of Eucalyptus in South Africa. South African Forestry Journal 154: 56-59.
13. Zwolinski, J.B., Swart, W.J. & Wingfield, M.J. 1990. Economic impact of Sphaeropsis sapinea dieback of Pinus radiata following hail damage. European Journal of Forest Pathology 20: 405-410.
14. Swart, W.J., Wingfield, M.J., Palmer, M.A. & Blanchette, R. 1991. Variation among South African isolates of Sphaeropsis sapinea. Phytopathology 81: 489-493.
15. Swart, W.J. & Wingfield, M.J. 1991. The biology and control of Sphaeropsis sapinea in South Africa. Plant Disease 75: 761-766.
16. Swart, W.J. & Wingfield, M.J. 1991. Seasonal response of Pinus radiata in South Africa to inoculation with Sphaeropsis sapinea. Plant Disease 75: 1031-1033.
17. Swart, W.J., Conradie, E. & Wingfield, M.J. 1991. Cryphonectria cubensis, a potential pathogen of Psidium guajava in South Africa. European Journal of Forest Pathology 21: 424-429.
18. Swart, W.J., Conradie, E., Wingfield, M.J. & Venter, W.B. 1992. Effects of water stress on growth of Cryphonectria cubensis. Plant Disease 76: 744-746.
19. Conradie, E., Swart, W.J. & Wingfield, M.J. 1992. Susceptibility of Eucalyptus grandis to Cryphonectria cubensis. European Journal of Forest Pathology 22: 312-315.
20. Conradie, E., Swart, W.J. & Wingfield, M.J. 1992. Selective medium for isolating Cryphonectria cubensis. Phytopathology 82: 1440-1442.
21. Nichol, N., Wingfield, M.J. & Swart, W.J. 1992. Differences in susceptibility of Eucalyptus species to Phaeseptoria eucalypti. European Journal of Forest Pathology 22: 418-423.
22. Nichol, N., Wingfield, M.J. & Swart, W.J. 1992. The effect of host stress on the severity of Phaeseptoria eucalypti. European Journal of Forest Pathology 22: 424-431.
23. Swart, W.J., Wingfield, M.J. & Van Wyk, P.S. 1993. Variation in conidial morphology among geographic isolates of Sphaeropsis sapinea. Mycological Research 97: 832-838.
24. Swart, W.J., Wingfield, M.J. & Grant, W.S. 1993. Comparison of Sphaeropsis sapinea and Sphaeropsis sapinea f. sp. cupressi. Mycological Research 97: 1253-1260.
25. Cilliers, A.J., Swart, W.J. & Wingfield, M.J. 1993. The biology of Lasiodiplodia theobromae on coniferous species with particular reference to its occurrence on seeds. South African Forestry Journal 166: 47-52.
26. Van der Westhuizen, I.J., Wingfield, M.J., Kemp, G. & Swart, W.J. 1993. First report of the canker pathogen Endothia gyrosa on Eucalyptus in South Africa. Plant Pathology 42: 661-663.
27. Wingfield, M.J., Crous, P.W. & Swart, W.J. 1993. Sporothrix eucalypti, a shoot and leaf pathogen of Eucalyptus grandis in South Africa. Mycopathologia 123: 159-164.
28. Wingfield, M.J. & Swart, W.J. 1994. Integrated management of forest diseases in Southern Africa. Forest Ecology and Management 65: 11-16.
29. Cilliers, A.J., Swart, W.J. & Wingfield, M.J. 1994. A selective medium for the isolation of Lasiodiplodia theobromae from pine seeds. Plant Disease 78: 1052-1055.
30. Zwolinski, J.B., Swart, W.J. & Wingfield, M.J. 1995. Association of Sphaeropsis sapinea with insect infestation following hail damage of Pinus radiata. Forest Ecology and Management 72: 293-298.
31. Crous, P.W. & Swart, W.J. 1995. Foliicolous fungi from Eucalyptus spp. in Madagascar. South African Forestry Journal 172: 1-6.
32. Swart, W.J. & Botes, W-M. 1995. First report of Botryosphaeria canker of pistachio. Plant Disease 79: 1036-1038.
33. Cilliers, A.J., Swart, W.J. & Wingfield, M.J. 1995. The occurrence of Lasiodiplodia theobromae on Pinus elliottii seeds in South Africa. Seed Science and Technology 23: 851-860.
34. Boshoff, W.H.P., Swart, W.J., Pretorius, Z.A., Liebenberg, M.M. & Crous, P.W. 1996. Isozyme variability among isolates of Phaeosariopsis griseola in southern Africa. Plant Pathology 45: 344-349.
35. Swart, W.J., Donald, D.G.M. & Theron, J.M. 1996. Screening of Pinus radiata progenies for resistance to Sphaeropsis sapinea. Southern African Forestry Journal 175: 15-18.
36. Stanosz, G.R., Swart, W.J. & Smith, D.R. 1998. Similarity between fungi identified as Diplodia pinea f.sp. cupressi in Israel and Botryosphaeria stevensii or Diplodia mutila in Juniperus in the United States. European Journal of Forest Pathology 28: 33-42.
37. Boshoff, W.H.P., Pretorius, Z.A. & Swart, W.J. 1998. Fusarium species in wheat grown from head blight infected seed. South African Journal of Plant and Soil 15: 46-47.
38. Swart, S.H., Wingfield, M.J., Swart, W.J. & Schutte, G.C. 1998. Chemical control of Alternaria brown spot on Minneola tangelo in South Africa. Annals of Applied Biology 133: 17-30.
39. Blodgett, J.T., Swart, W.J. & Louw, S.VdM. 1998. First report of F. sambucinum, F. oxysporum and F. subglutinans associated with pith decay in stems of Amaranthus hybridus in South Africa. Plant Disease 82: 1062.
40. Blodgett, J.T. & Swart, W.J. 1998. First report of Botryosphaeria dothidea basal canker of Pistachio trees in South Africa. Plant Disease 82: 960.
41. Steenkamp, E.T., Wingfield, B.D., Wingfield, M.J. & Swart, W.J. 1998. Double-stranded RNA and associated virulence in South African isolates of Sphaeropsis sapinea. Canadian Journal of Botany 76: 1412-1417.
42. Blodgett, J.T., Swart, W.J. & Chen, W.Q. 1999. First report of Alternaria tenuissima as a leaf pathogen of Amaranthus hybridus. Plant Disease 83: 878.
43. Boshoff, W.H.P., Pretorius, Z.A. & Swart, W.J. 1999. A comparison of head infection and blight development caused by Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium crookwellense in wheat. South African Journal of Plant and Soil 16: 79-84.
44. Boshoff, W.H.P., Pretorius, Z.A. & Swart, W.J. 1999. Differences in fungicide sensitivity between Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium crookwellense. African Plant Protection 5: 65-71.
45. Stanosz, G.R., Swart, W.J. & Smith, D.R. 1999. Isozyme and RAPD marker characterization of Sphaeropsis sapinea isolates from diverse coniferous hosts and locations. Mycological Research 103: 1193-1202.
46. Boshoff, W.H.P., Swart, W.J. & Pretorius, Z.A. 1999. Isozyme characterisation of Fusarium graminearum isolates associated with head blight of irrigated wheat in South Africa. South African Journal of Botany 65: 281-286.
47. Chen, W.Q. & Swart, W.J. 2000. Fusarium oxysporum and F. sambucinum associated with root rot of Amaranthus hybridus in South Africa. Plant Disease 84: 101.
48. Chen, W.Q. & Swart, W.J. 2000. First report of stem canker of English walnut caused by Fusarium solani in South Africa. Plant Disease 84: 592.
49. Blodgett, J.T., Swart, W.J., Louw, S.VdM. & Weeks, W.J. 2000. Species composition of endophytic fungi in Amaranthus hybridus leaves, petioles, stems and roots. Mycologia 92: 853-859.
50. Swart, W.J., Mathews, C. & Saxena, K.B. 2000. First report of leaf rust caused by Uredo cajani on pigeonpea in South Africa. Plant Disease 84: 1344.
51. Chen, W.Q., Swart, W.J. & Nieuwoudt, T.D. 2000. A new species of Bipolaris from South Africa. Mycotaxon 76: 149-152.
52. Swart, W.J. & Terblanche, J. 2001. First report of powdery mildew of kenaf caused by Leveillula taurica in South Africa. Plant Disease 85: 923.
53. Swart, W.J., Tesfaendrias, M.T. & Terblanche, J. 2001. First report of Botrytis cinerea on kenaf in South Africa. Plant Disease 85: 1032.
54. Chen, W.Q. & Swart, W.J. 2001. Genetic variation among Fusarium oxysporum isolates associated with root rot of Amaranthus hybridus as determined by pathogenicity, isozymes and vegetative compatibility. Plant Disease 85: 1076-1080.
55. Swart, V.R., Swart, W.J., Louw, S.VdM. & Kriel, W-M. 2001. Phytopathogenic fungi associated with Drosophila spp. that utilise Opuntia ficus-indica. Bulletin of the Royal Entomological Society 26(1): 37.
56. Swart, V.R., Swart, W.J., Louw, S.VdM. & Kriel, W-M. 2001. Fungal associations of lygaeidae and coreidae utilising Pistacia vera and Cajanas cajan in South Africa. Bulletin of the Royal Entomological Society 26(1): 36.
57. Swart, W.J. & Kriel, W-M. 2002. Pathogens Associated with Necrosis of Cactus Pear Cladodes in South Africa. Plant Disease 86: 693.
58. Swart, W.J., Tesfaendrias, M.T. & Botha, W. 2002. First report of basal stem rot caused by Pythium G-group on Kenaf in South Africa. Plant Disease 86: 698.
59. Blodgett, J.T. & Swart, W.J. 2002. Infection, colonization and disease of Amaranthus hybridus leaves caused by the Alternaria tenuissima group. Plant Disease 86: 1199-1205.
60. Chen, W.Q. & Swart, W.J. 2002. Phytotoxicity of Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium sambucinum culture filtrates to Amaranthus hybridus and evaluation of amaranth germplasm for resistance. Euphytica 127(1): 61-67.
61. Louw, S.VdM., Swart, W.J., Honiball, S.J. & Chen, W.Q. 2002. Weevil-fungus interaction on Amaranthus hybridus in South Africa. African Entomology 10(2): 361-364.
62. Swart, W.J. & Swart, V.R. 2002. The current status of research on diseases of Opuntia ficus-indica in South Africa. Acta Horticulturae 581: 239-245.
63. Koch, S.H., Ghebremariam, D.S. & Swart, W.J. 2002. Characterization of South African isolates of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides associated with lupin anthracnose on sixteen lupin cultivars. African Plant Protection 8: 51-56.
64. Swart, W.J., Tesfaendrias, M.T. & Terblanche, J. 2003. First Report of Sclerotium rolfsii on kenaf in South Africa. Plant Disease 87: 874.
65. Swart, W.J., Oelofse, R.M. & Labuschagne, M.T. 2003. Susceptibility of South African cactus pear varieties to four fungi commonly associated with disease symptoms. Journal of the Professional Association for Cactus Development 5: 86-97.
66. Swart, W.J. & Swart, V.R. 2003. An overview of research on diseases of cactus pear in South Africa. Journal of the Professional Association for Cactus Development 5: 115-120.
67. Swart, W.J., Nieuwoudt, D. & Pretorius, J.C. 2003. Influence of nitrogen fertilization on susceptibility of pistachio seedlings to Botryosphaeria obtusa and B. dothidea. African Plant Protection 9: 115-117.
68. Blodgett, J.T., Swart, W.J. & Louw, S.VdM. 2004. Identification of fungi and fungal pathogens associated with Hypolixus harens and decayed and cankered stems of Amaranthus hybridus. Plant Disease 88: 333-337.
69. Tesfaendrias, M.T., Swart, W.J. & Botha, W. 2004. The characterization of Pythium group G occurring on kenaf in South Africa. South African Journal of Plant and Soil 21: 25-29.
70. Ghebremariam, D., Groenewald, E.G., Koch, S.H. & Swart, W.J. 2004. The production of gibberellin-like substances by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides associated with lupin anthracnose. South African Journal of Botany 70: 235-240.
71. Shimelis, H. & Swart, W.J. 2004. Black rot development in introduced cabbage hybrids in Ethiopia. African Plant Protection 10(1): 43-52.
72. Tarekegn, G., McLaren, N.W. & Swart, W.J. 2004. Relationship between grain development stage and sorghum cultivar susceptibility to grain mould. African Plant Protection 10(1): 53-62.
73. Swart, W.J. 2004. First report of powdery mildew of cashew caused by Oidium anacardii in South Africa. Plant Disease 88: 1284.
74. Van der Walt, A.M., Mossanda, K.S.A., Jivan, S.D., Swart, W.J. & Bezuidenhout, C.C. 2005. Indigenous African food plants: Vehicles of disease or sources of protection? African Journal of Indigenous Knowledge Systems 4(1): 270-279.
75. Tarekegn, G., Swart, W.J. & McLaren, N.W. 2005. Grain mould fungi associated with sorghum from Ethiopia and South Africa and their damage to grains. Ethiopian Journal of Agricultural Science 18: 153-164.
76. Ali, K., Louw, S.VdM. & Swart, W.J. 2005. Componments and mechanisms of resistance in selected field pea Pisum sativum lines to the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Homoptera: Aphidae). International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 25: 114-121.
77. Ali, K., Louw, S.VdM. & Swart, W.J. 2005. Components and mechanisms of resistance in selected field pea lines to pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris) in Ethiopia. Pest Management Journal of Ethiopia 9: 17-27.
78. Tarekegn, G., McLaren, N.W. & Swart, W.J. 2006. Reaction of sorghum to grain mould in relation to its biochemical and morphological traits. Pest Management Journal of Ethiopia 10:25-32.
79. Tarekegn, G., McLaren, N.W. & Swart, W.J. 2006. Effects of weather on grain mould of sorghum in South Africa. Plant Pathology 55: 238-245.
80. Tarekegn, G., McLaren, N.W. & Swart, W.J. 2006. Relationship between ergot and grain mould development in sorghum. South African Journal of Plant and Soil 23(4): 297-301.
81. Tarekegn, G., Sakuja, P.K., Swart, W.J. & Tamado, T. 2007. Integrated management of groundnut root rot using seed quality and fungicide treatment. International Journal of Pest Management 53: 53-57.
82. Blodgett, J.T., Swart, W.J., Louw, S.VdM. & Weeks, W.J. 2007. Soil amendments and watering influence the incidence of endophytic fungi in Amaranthus hybridus in South Africa. Applied Soil Ecology 35: 311-318.
83. Swart, W.J. & Tarekegn, G. 2007. First Report of Fusarium verticillioides on kenaf in South Africa. Plant Disease 91: 112.
84. Allemann, J. & Swart, W.J. 2007. Cropping systems for indigenous vegetables: An ecological perspective. Acta Horticulturae 752: 615-620.
85. Tegegne, G., Pretorius, J.C., and Swart, W.J. 2008. Antifungal properties of Agapanthus africanus L. extracts against plant pathogens. Crop Protection 27:1052-1060.
86. Swart, W.J. 2009. Strategies for the management of cactus pear diseases: A global perspective. Acta Horticulturae (ISHS) 811:207-216.
87. Tesfaendrias, M.T., McLaren & Swart, W.J. 2009. The effect of grain mould fungi on sorghum malt quality and its management during malting. Plant and Soil 26(1):45-47.
88. Botha, C., McLaren, N.W., & Swart, W.J., 2009. Evaluation of greenhouse inoculation techniques used to screen for Sclerotinia stem rot resistance in soybeans. Plant and Soil 26(1):48-50.
89. Kena, M. & Swart, W.J. 2009. Microbial activity and fungal composition of composted animal manure suppressive to soil-borne pathogens. Lesotho Journal of Agricultural Sciences 2:1-19.
90. Botha, C., McLaren, N.W., & Swart, W.J., 2010. The effect of leaf wetness duration and temperature on the development of Sclerotinia stem rot on soybeans. Plant and Soil (in press).
91. Tesfaendrias, M.T., McLaren & Swart, W.J. 2010. Grain mould fungi and their effect on sorghum grain quality. Plant and Soil (in review)
92. Kena, M. & Swart, W.J. 2010. The effect of composted animal manure on damping-off severity of Amaranthus hybridus seedlings. Plant and Soil (in review).
93. Swart, V.R., Swart, W.J., Louw, S.VdM. & Kriel, W-M. 2010. Phytopathogenic fungi associated with Drosophila spp. exploiting Opuntia ficus-indicain South Africa. African Plant Protection (in press).
Chapters in books
1. Kriel, W-M., Swart, W.J. & Crous, P.W. 2000. Foliar endophytes and their interactions with host plants, with specific reference to Gymnospermae. In: Advances in Botanical Research: Volumn 33, edited by J.A. Callow. Academic Press. pp. 1-29.
Popular scientific articles
1. Swart, W.J., Knox-Davies, P.S. & Wingfield, M.J. 1987. Sphaeropsis sapinea - A pathogen of pines in South Africa. Pests and Diseases of South African Forests and Timber: Pamphlet 273. Forestry Branch, Department of Environment Affairs, Pretoria, South Africa.
2. Swart, W.J., Knox-Davies, P.S. & Wingfield, M.J. 1987. Sphaeropsis sapinea - 'n Dennepatogeen in Suid-Afrika. Plae en siektes van Suid-Afrikaanse bosse en hout: Pamflet 273. Tak Boswese, Departement van Omgewingsake. Pretoria, Suid-Afrika.
3. Swart, W.J. & Wingfield, M.J. 1987. S. sapinea spore dispersal related to season of pruning. Forestry News 1/87:
4. Swart, W.J. & Wingfield, M.J. 1987. Susceptibility of Pines to Sphaeropsis sapinea. Forestry News 3/87:
5. Swart, W.J., Zwolinski, J.B. & Wingfield, M.J. 1990. Various factors facilitate S. sapinea infection of hail-damaged trees. Forestry News 2/90: 23.
6. Swart, W.J., Zwolinski, J.B. & Wingfield, M.J. 1991. Impact of losses due to Sphaeropsis sapinea infection studied. Forestry News 1/91: 18.
7. Wingfield, M.J., Swart, W.J. & Kemp, G.H.J. 1991. An evaluation of Botryosphaeria species as pathogens of Eucalyptus in South Africa. Grandis News 3/91: 2.
8. Wingfield, M.J., Swart, W.J. & Kemp, G.H.J. 1991. The fight against Botryosphaeria diseases of Eucalyptus in South Africa continues at the UOFS. Forestry News 3/91: 16.
9. Wingfield, M.J., Swart, W.J. & Kemp, G.H.J. 1991. An evaluation of Botryosphaeria species as pathogens of Eucalyptus species in South Africa. Grandis News 3/91: 2.
10. Swart, W.J. 1998. New crops vs new diseases. SANCRA News 1(1):
11. Swart, W.J. 1998. Micro-organisms are key components of biodiversity. SANCRA News 1(2):
12. Swart, W.J. 1999. Diseases of Cactus Pear. SA Cactus Pear Grower’s Association Newsletter, July 1999:
13. Swart, W.J. 1999. Another ancient crop achieves new crop status in South Africa! SANCRA News 2(4):
14. Swart, W.J. 2000. On the spoor of ancient crops in Mexico (part 1). SANCRA News 3(3):
15. Swart, W.J. 2000. On the spoor of ancient crops in Mexico (part 2). SANCRA News 3(4):
16. Swart W.J. 2003. Guayule, a potentially life-saving new crop. SANCRA News 6(2):
17. Swart, W.J. 2004. Diagnosing plant disease: What the grower needs to know. Clivia 6: 61-66.
18. Swart, W.J. 2005. Fungal pathogens associated with Clivia. Clivia 7: 91-96.
19. Swart, W.J. 2005. Clivia navorsing aan die UV. Newsletter of the Free State Clivia Club: 10-12.
Published Photographs
1. Blodgett, J.T., Swart, W.J. & Chen, W. 2000. Leaf spot of Amaranthus hybridus caused by Alternaria tenuissima. Plant Disease 84(4): Cover photo.
2. Swart, W.J. 2002. Botryosphaeria obtusa inefection on trunk of Pistacia vera. Compendium of Nut Crop Diseases in Temperate Zones. American Phytopathological Society, St Paul, Minnesota, USA.
Papers / posters at National Congresses
1. Swart, W.J., Knox-Davies, P.S. & Wingfield, M.J. 1986. Sphaeropsis sapinea on Pinus spp. in South Africa. 24th Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, Golden Gate, South Africa. 20-23 January. Phytophylactica 18: 44.
2. Swart, W.J., Wingfield, M.J. & Knox-Davies, P.S. 1987. Dispersal of Sphaeropsis sapinea conidia in three climatic regions of South Africa. 25th Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa. 20-22 January. Phytophylactica 19: 124.
3. Swart, W.J., Wingfield, M.J. & Knox-Davies, P.S. 1987. Selective medium for isolating Sphaeropsis sapinea. 25th Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa. 20-22 January. Phytophylactica 19: 129.
4. Swart, W.J., Wingfield, M.J. & Knox-Davies, P.S. 1988. Variation among isolates of Sphaeropsis sapinea in South Africa. 26th Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, Berg-en-Dal, Kruger National Park, South Africa. 19-21 January. Phytophylactica 20: 106.
5. Swart, W.J. & Wingfield, M.J. 1988. Climatic factors associated with conidial dispersal of Seiridium cardinale. 26th Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, Berg-en-Dal, Kruger National Park, South Africa. 19-21 January. Phytophylactica 20: 102.
6. Swart, W.J. & Theron, J.M. 1988. The future needs of mycorrhizal research in South African forestry. Forestry Research '88 Symposium: Future Needs in Southern Africa, Pretoria, South Africa. 20-22 September.
7. Wingfield, M.J. & Swart, W.J. 1988. Forest pathology in South Africa: Current status and future requirements. Forestry Research '88 Symposium: Future Needs in Southern Africa, Pretoria, South Africa. 20-22 September.
8. Swart, W.J. & Wingfield, M.J. 1989. Seasonal susceptibility of Pinus radiata to Sphaeropsis sapinea infection. 27th Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. 16-18 January. Phytophylactica 21: 101.
9. Swart, W.J., Wingfield, M.J. & Baxter, A.P. 1989. Discula platani on plane trees in South Africa - A first report. 27th Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. 16-18 January. Phytophylactica 21: 110.
10. Swart, W.J. & Wingfield, M.J. 1990. Sphaeropsis dieback of pines - A case study. 28th Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa. 16-18 January. Phytophylactica 22: 148.
11. Conradie, E., Swart, W.J. & Wingfield, M.J. 1990. Screening of Eucalyptus clones for resistance to Cryphonectria cubensis. 28th Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa. 16-18 January. Phytophylactica 22: 153.
12. Knipscheer, N.S., Wingfield, M.J. & Swart, W.J. 1990. Rating scale for Phaeoseptoria eucalypti. 28th Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa. 16-18 January. Phytophylactica 22: 155.
13. Knipscheer, N.S., Wingfield, M.J., Swart, W.J. & Laing, M.J. 1990. Phaeoseptoria leaf spot of Eucalyptus spp. in South Africa. 28th Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa. 16-18 January. Phytophylactica 22: 149.
14. Crous, P.W., Wingfield, M.J. & Swart, W.J. 1990. Shoot and needle diseases of pines. 28th Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa. 16-18 January. Phytophylactica 22: 155.
15. Wingfield, M.J. & Swart, W.J. 1990. Cryphonectria canker of Eucalyptus newly discovered in South Africa. 28th Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa. 16-18 January. Phytophylactica 22: 146.
16. Conradie, E., Swart, W.J. & Wingfield, M.J. 1991. Selective medium for Cryphonectria cubensis. 29th Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. 21-23 January. Phytophylactica 23: 98.
17. Swart, W.J., Conradie, E. & Wingfield, M.J. 1991. Effect of water stress on growth of Cryphonectria cubensis. 29th Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. 21-23 January. Phytophylactica 23: 94.
18. Knipscheer, N.S., Wingfield, M.J. & Swart, W.J. 1991. Factors affecting the incidence of Phaeoseptoria eucalypti on eucalypt species. 29th Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. 21-23 January. Phytophylactica 23: 104.
19. Knipscheer, N.S., Wingfield, M.J. & Swart, W.J. 1991. The effect of host stress on the severity of Phaeoseptoria eucalypti. 29th Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. 21-23 January. Phytophylactica 23: 104.
20. Van der Westhuizen, I., Wingfield, M.J., Kemp, G. & Swart, W.J. 1991. Distribution of Cryphonectria cubensis in South Africa. 29th Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. 21-23 January. Phytophylactica 23: 98.
21. Van der Westhuizen, I., Wingfield, M.J., Kemp, G. & Swart, W.J. 1991. Comparative susceptibility of Eucalyptus grandis clones and hybrids to Cryphonectria cubensis. 29th Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. 21-23 January. Phytophylactica 23: 99.
22. Swart, W.J. & Wingfield, M.J. 1991. Cryphonectria canker of Eucalyptus spp. in South Africa. IUFRO Symposium on Intensive Forestry: The Role of Eucalypts, Durban, South Africa. 2-6 Septemper.
23. Wingfield, M.J., Swart, W.J. & Kemp, G.H.J. 1991. Pathology considerations in clonal propagation of Eucalyptus with special reference to the South African situation. IUFRO Symposium on Intensive Forestry: The Role of Eucalypts, Durban, South Africa. 2-6 Septemper.
24. Nichol, N.S., Wingfield, M.J. & Swart, W.J. 1991. Phaeseptoria leaf-spot: A stress related pathogen of Eucalyptus. IUFRO Symposium on Intensive Forestry: The Role of Eucalypts, Durban, South Africa. 2-6 Septemper.
25. Van der Westhuizen, I., Wingfield, M.J., Swart, W.J. & Kemp, G. 1992. Comparison of the susceptibility of Eucalyptus clones to Cryphonectria cubensis under field and greenhouse conditions. 30th Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, Cintsa West, Cape Province, South Africa. 27-30 January. Phytophylactica 24: 107.
26. Van der Westhuizen, I., Wingfield, M.J., Kemp, G. & Swart, W.J. 1992. A new and important canker disease of Eucalyptus caused by Endothia gyrosa. 30th Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, Cintsa West, Cape Province, South Africa. 27-30 January. Phytophylactica 24: 98.
27. Swart, W.J., Conradie, E. & Wingfield, M.J. 1992. Cryphonectria cubensis, a potential pathogen of Psidium guajava in South Africa. 30th Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, Cintsa West, Cape Province, South Africa. 27-30 January. Phytophylactica 24: 112.
28. Swart, W.J. & Wingfield, M.J. 1992. Morphological aspects of Sphaeropsis sapinea conidia. 30th Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, Cintsa West, Cape Province, South Africa. 27-30 January. Phytophylactica 24: 121.
29. Swart, W.J., Grant, W.S. & Wingfield, M.J. 1993. Variations in allozyme patterns in isolates of Sphaeropsis sapinea of different geographic origin. 31st Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, Club Mykonos, Langebaan, Cape Province, South Africa. 17-20 January.
30. Cilliers, A.J., Swart, W.J. & Wingfield, M.J. 1993. Lasiodiplodia theobromae associated with discoloured Pinus elliottii seeds in South Africa. 31st Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, Club Mykonos, Langebaan, Cape Province, South Africa. 17-20 January.
31. Cilliers, A.J., Swart, W.J. & Wingfield, M.J. 1993. Development of a selective medium for the isolation of Lasiodiplodia theobromae. 31st Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, Club Mykonos, Langebaan, Cape Province, South Africa. 17-20 January.
32. Van der Westhuizen, I.P., Wingfield, M.J., Kemp, G.H.J. & Swart, W.J. 1993. Susceptibility of Eucalyptus species to Cryphonectria cubensis. 31st Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, Club Mykonos, Langebaan, Cape Province, South Africa. 17-20 January.
33. Van der Westhuizen, I.P., Wingfield, M.J., Kemp, G.H.J. & Swart, W.J. 1993. Population study on South African isolates of Cryphonectria cubensis. 31st Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, Club Mykonos, Langebaan, Cape Province, South Africa. 17-20 January.
34. Linde, C., Kemp, G.H.J., Wingfield, M.J. & Swart, W.J. 1993. First record of Sphaeropsis sapinea f.sp. cupressi in South Africa. 31st Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, Club Mykonos, Langebaan, Cape Province, South Africa. 17-20 January.
35. Botes, W-M., Swart, W.J. & Kietzka, J.E. 1994. Relative susceptibilities of Mexican pine species and provenances to Sphaeropsis sapinea. 32nd Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, Aventura Overvaal, Christiana, Transvaal, South Africa. 23-26 January. South African Journal of Science 91: i.
36. Cilliers, A.J., Swart, W.J. & Wingfield, M.J. 1994. Infection of Pinus elliottii seed by Lasiodiplodia theobromae. 32nd Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, Aventura Overvaal, Christiana, Transvaal, South Africa. 23-26 January. South African Journal of Science 91: vii.
37. Saaiman, W.C. & Swart, W.J. 1994. Use of isolated root cap cells from Pinus spp. in an assay for toxin production by Sphaeropsis sapinea. 32nd Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, Aventura Overvaal, Christiana, Transvaal, South Africa. 23-26 January. South African Journal of Science 91: i.
38. Farringer, B.A., Swart, W.J. & Bellstedt, D.U. 1994. In vitro growth characteristics of S. sapinea with specific reference to the production of extracellular enzymes. 32nd Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, Aventura Overvaal, Christiana, Transvaal, South Africa. 23-26 January. South African Journal of Science 91: ix.
39. Cilliers, A.J., Swart, W.J. & Wingfield, M.J. 1994. The relative pathogenicity of Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Sphaeropsis sapinea in Pinus species. 32nd Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, Aventura Overvaal, Christiana, Transvaal, South Africa. 23-26 January. South African Journal of Science 91: viii.
40. Wingfield, M.J., Crous, P.W. & Swart, W.J. 1994. Sporothrix eucalypti, a new and unique pathogen of Eucalyptus grandis in South Africa. 32nd Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, Aventura Overvaal, Christiana, Transvaal, South Africa. 23-26 January. South African Journal of Science 91: ii.
41. Van der Westhuizen, I.P., Wingfield, M.J., Swart, W.J. & Kemp, G.H.J. 1994. Effect of water stress on pathogenicity of two Eucalyptus canker pathogens. 32nd Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, Aventura Overvaal, Christiana, Transvaal, South Africa. 23-26 January. South African Journal of Science 91: vii.
42. Swart, W.J., Zwolinski, Z.B. & Wingfield, M.J. 1994. Infection of Pinus radiata by Sphaeropsis sapinea associated with insect infestation. 32nd Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, Aventura Overvaal, Christiana, Transvaal, South Africa. 23-26 January. South African Journal of Science 91: i.
43. Swart, W.J. & Botes, W-M. 1994. First report of Botryosphaeria canker on pistachio trees in South Africa. 32nd Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, Aventura Overvaal, Christiana, Transvaal, South Africa. 23-26 January. South African Journal of Science 91: i.
44. Swart, S.H., Scutte, G.C., Wingfield, M.J. & Swart, W.J. 1994. Evaluation of fungicides for controlling Alternaria brown spot of Minneola tangelo. 32nd Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, Aventura Overvaal, Christiana, Transvaal, South Africa. 23-26 January. South African Journal of Science 91: x.
45. Boshoff, W.H.P., Swart, W.J., Pretorius, Z.A., Liebenberg, M.M. & Crous, P.W. 1995. Isozyme variability among isolates of Phaeoisariopsis griseola. 33rd Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, Thaba 'Nchu Sun, Free State, South Africa. 15-18 January. South African Journal of Science 91: ii.
46. Engelbrecht, E., Swart, W.J. & Bellstedt, D.U. 1995. The production of extracellular enzymes in vitro by Sphaeropsis sapinea. 33rd Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, Thaba 'Nchu Sun, Free State, South Africa. 15-18 January. South African Journal of Science 91: v.
47. Engelbrecht, E., Swart, W.J. & Bellstedt, D.U. 1995. The production of chitinases and peroxidases by Pinus radiata in response to infection by Sphaeropsis sapinea. 33rd Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, Thaba 'Nchu Sun, Free State, South Africa. 15-18 January. South African Journal of Science 91: v.
48. Engelbrecht, E., Swart, W.J., Bellstedt, D.U. & Meyer, H. 1995. Assessment of resistance to Sphaeropsis sapinea in callus cultures of Pinus spp. 33rd Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, Thaba 'Nchu Sun, Free State, South Africa. 15-18 January. South African Journal of Science 91: v.
49. Swart, W.J., Boshoff, W., Botes, W-M. & Meyer, H.M. 1995. Effect of culture filtrate of Sphaeropsis sapinea on callus cells of three Pinus spp. 33rd Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, Thaba 'Nchu Sun, Free State, South Africa. 15-18 January. South African Journal of Science 91: vi.
50. Swart, W.J. & Boshoff, W. 1995. Allozyme variation among isolates of Sphaeropsis sapinea from various host species. 33rd Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, Thaba 'Nchu Sun, Free State, South Africa. 15-18 January. South African Journal of Science 91: vii.
51. Steenkamp, E.T., Wingfield, B.D., Wingfield, M.J. & Swart, W.J. 1995. First report of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) from South African isolates of Sphaeropsis sapinea. 33rd Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, Thaba 'Nchu Sun, Free State, South Africa. 15-18 January. South African Journal of Science 91: vii.
52. Swart, S.H., Wingfield, M.J., Swart, W.J. & Scutte, G.C. 1995. Efficacy of fungal spray programmes to control Alternaria brown spot of Minneola tangelo. 33rd Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, Thaba 'Nchu Sun, Free State, South Africa. 15-18 January. South African Journal of Science 91: xii.
53. Botes, W-M. & Swart, W.J. 1995. An assessment of endophytic fungi in needles of three Pinus spp. cultivated in South Africa. 33rd Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, Thaba 'Nchu Sun, Free State, South Africa. 15-18 January. South African Journal of Science 91: xiv.
54. Engelbrecht, E., Swart, W.J., Meyer, H.M. & Bellstedt, D.U. 1995. Assessment of resistance to Sphaeropsis sapinea in callus cultures of Pinus spp. 13th South African Biochemical Society Congress, Bloemfontein, South Africa. 24-26 Jamuary
55. Engelbrecht, J., Engelbrecht, E., Swart, W.J. & Bellstedt, D.U. 1996. The in vitro production of extracellular enzymes by Sphaeropsis sapinea. 34th Congress of the Southern African Society for Plant Pathology, Stellenbosch, South Africa. 14-17 January.
56. Botes, W-M., Swart, W.J. & Crous, P.W. 1996. Seasonal variation of endophytic fungi isolated from pine needles. 34th Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, Conservatoire, University of Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa. 14-17 January. South African Journal of Science 92: ix.
57. Liebenberg, M.M., Pretorius, Z.A. & Swart, W.J. 1996. Distinguishing Andean-specific and Meso-American-specific isolates of Phaeoisariopsis griseola. 34th Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, Conservatoire, University of Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa. 14-17 January. South African Journal of Science 92: xvii.
58. Boshoff, W.H.P., Pretorius, Z.A., Swart, W.J. & Jacobs, A.S. 1996. Head blight development in wheat infected by Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium crookwellense. 34th Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, Conservatoire, University of Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa. 14-17 January. South African Journal of Science 92: xx.
59. Boshoff, W.H.P., Pretorius, Z.A. & Swart, W.J. 1996. Differences in fungicide sensitivity between Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium crookwellense. 34th Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, Conservatoire, University of Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa. 14-17 January. South African Journal of Science 92: v.
60. Steenkamp, E.T., Wingfield, B.D., Wingfield, M.J. & Swart, W.J. 1996. Hypovirulence and double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) in South African Sphaeropsis sapinea isolates. 34th Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, Conservatoire, University of Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa. 14-17 January. South African Journal of Science 92: xvi.
61. Swart, W.J., Louw, S.VdM., Van der Linde, Z. & Botes, W-M. 1997. Preliminary evaluation of endophytic fungi associated with Amaranthus hybridus. 35th Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, Badplaas, Mpumalanga, South Africa. 19-22 January. South African Journal of Science 93: xxii.
62. Botes, W-M., Swart, W.J. & Crous, P.W. 1997. Distribution of fungal endophytes in needles of Pinus radiata. 35th Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, Badplaas, Mpumalanga, South Africa. 19-22 January. South African Journal of Science 93: v.
63. Engelbrecht, J., Swart, W.J. & Bellstedt, D.U. 1997. The production of extracellular enzymes by the fungal pathogen Sphaeropsis sapinea. 14th Conference of the South African Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Grahamstown, South Africa. 23-26 January.
64. Blodgett, J.T., Swart, W.J. & Bender, C.M. 1998. Infection and colonization pattern of Amaranthus hybridus by Alternaria alternata. 36th Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, Champagne Sports Resort, South Africa. 26-18 January. South African Journal of Science 94: xiv.
65. Blodgett, J.T., Swart, W.J., Louw, S.VdM. & Weeks, W.J. 1998. Influence of soil amendments on frequencies of endophytic fungi in Amaranthus hybridus. 36th Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, Champagne Sports Resort, South Africa. 26-18 January. South African Journal of Science 94: xviii.
66. Blodgett, J.T., Swart, W.J., Louw, S.VdM. & Weeks, W.J. 1998. Influence of soil amendments on species composition of endophytic fungi in Amaranthus hybridus. 36th Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, Champagne Sports Resort, South Africa. 26-18 January. South African Journal of Science 94: xviii.
67. Blodgett, J.T., Swart, W.J., Kloppers, F.J. & Louw, S.VdM. 1998. Identification of fungi associated with Hypolixus harens in Amaranthus hybridus stems. 36th Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, Champagne Sports Resort, South Africa. 26-18 January. South African Journal of Science 94: xxv.
68. Boshoff, W.H.P., Swart, W.J. & Pretorius, Z.A. 1998. Isozyme comparisons among Fusarium isolates associated with head blight of irrigated wheat. 36th Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, Champagne Sports Resort, South Africa. 26-18 January. South African Journal of Science 94: xxi.
69. Swart, W.J. 1998. Fungi associated with Pistachio production in South Africa. 1st SANCRA Mini-Symposium, ARC Headquarters, Pretoria, South Africa. 28-30 September.
70. Swart, W.J., Blodgett, J.T., Louw, S.VdM., Weeks, W.J. & Bender, C.M. 1998. Using endophytic fungi in Amaranthus hybridus as bio-indicators of host vigour. 1st SANCRA Mini-Symposium, ARC Headquarters, Pretoria, South Africa. 28-30 September.
71. Chen, W.Q. & Swart, W.J. 1999. Phylogeny of Alternaria and related genera using ribosomal RNA sequences. 37th Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, Univiversity of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. 24-27 January. South African Journal of Science 95: xix.
72. Louw, S.VdM. & Swart, W.J. 1999. Pistachio cultivation in an atypical environment – pest and disease consequences. 12th Entomological Congress, Potchefstoom, South Africa. 12-15 July. p. 75.
73. Honiball, S.J., Louw, S.VdM., Swart, W.J. & Chen, W.Q. 1999. Fungi associated with phytophagous weevils on Amaranthus hybridus in the central Free State, South Africa. 12th Entomological Congress, Potchefstoom, South Africa. 12-15 July. p. 58.
74. Blodgett, J.T., Swart, W.J. & Chen, W.Q. 2000. First report of Alternaria tenuissima as a leaf pathogen of Amaranthus hybridus. 38th Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, Grahamstown, South Africa. 18-23 January. South African Journal of Science 97: xxi.
75. Kriel, W-M., Swart, W.J. & Crous P.W. 2000. Tests for enzyme production by endophytes isolated from pine needles. 38th Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, Grahamstown, South Africa. 18-23 January. South African Journal of Science 97: xvii.
76. Chen, W.Q. & Swart, W.J. 2000. First report of Fusarium oxysporum and F. sambucinum associated with Root Rot of Amarathus hybridus. 38th Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, Grahamstown, South Africa. 18-23 January. South African Journal of Science 97: xxi.
77. Nieuwoudt, D., Swart, W.J. & Pretorius, J.C. 2000. Differences in fungicide sensitivity between Botryosphaeria dothidea and B. obtusa isolates collected from pistachio orchards in South Africa. 38th Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, Grahamstown, South Africa. 18-23 January. South African Journal of Science 97: xvi.
78. Swart, W.J. & Blodgett, J.T. 2000. Fungi associated with diseased pistachio trees in South Africa. Combined Congress of the Southern African New Crop Research Association, South African Crop Production Society and the Southern African Weed Science Society, Bloemfontein, South Africa. 17-20 January. p. 118.
79. Swart, W.J. & Louw, S.VdM. 2000. Pest and disease implications for new crop development in South Africa. Combined Congress of the Southern African New Crop Research Association, South African Crop Production Society and the Southern African Weed Science Society, Bloemfontein, South Africa. 17-20 January. p. 119.
80. Louw, S.VdM. & Swart, W.J. 2000. Pistachio nut cultivation in an atypical environment – pattern and process in pest and disease prediction. Combined Congress of the Southern African New Crop Research Association, South African Crop Production Society and the Southern African Weed Science Society, Bloemfontein, South Africa. 17-20 January. p. 66.
81. Honiball, S.J., Louw, S.VdM. & Swart, W.J. 2000. Weevil-fungus interaction on Amaranthus hybridus in the central Free State, South Africa. Combined Congress of the Southern African New Crop Research Association, South African Crop Production Society and the Southern African Weed Science Society, Bloemfontein, South Africa. 17-20 January. p. 45.
82. Swart, V.R., Swart, W.J., Louw, S.VdM. & Kriel, W-M. 2000. An ecological complex of parasitic fungi and yeast spp. associated with Drosophila spp. that utilise Opuntia ficus-indica. Annual Congress of the Parasitological Society of southern Africa, Bloemfontein, South Africa. 27-29 September. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association 72(3): 175.
83. Swart, V.R., Swart, W.J., Louw, S.VdM. & Kriel, W-M. 2001. Fungi associated with insect vectors utilising Opuntia ficus-indica, Pistacia vera and Cajanas cajan in South Africa. 13th Annual Congress of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. 2-6 July.
84. Swart, V.R., Louw, S.VdM., Swart, W.J. & Kriel, W-M. 2002. Insect-fungal associations with three new crops in South Africa. Third Symposium of the Southern African New Crop Research Association, Lowveld Agricultural College, Nelspruit, South Africa. 25-28 June.
85. Swart, W.J. 2002. The history and current status of the New Crop Pathology Program. Third Symposium of the Southern African New Crop Research Association, Lowveld Agricultural College, Nelspruit, South Africa. 25-28 June.
86. Tesfaendrias, M.T. & Swart, W.J. 2002. Potentially important diseases of kenaf in South Africa. Third Symposium of the Southern African New Crop Research Association, Lowveld Agricultural College, Nelspruit, South Africa. 25-28 June.
87. Louw, S.VdM. & Swart, W.J. 2002. The Green Valley Nuts-INCroP-NCPP Co-operative agreement: Prospects for nut development in South Africa. Third Symposium of the Southern African New Crop Research Association, Lowveld Agricultural College, Nelspruit, South Africa. 25-28 June.
88. Swart, V.R., Swart, W.J., Louw, S.VdM. & Kriel, W-M. 2003. Relationships between potentially phytopathogenic fungi and insect phytophages associated with cactus pear, pistachio and pigeon-pea in South Africa. 41st Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, Bain’s Game Lodge, Bloemfontein, South Africa. 19-22 January. South African Journal of Science 99: ix.
89. Swart, W.J., Louw, S.VdM., Swart, V.R. & Haddad C.R. 2003. A holistic health management strategy for pistachio production in South Africa. 41st Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, Bain’s Game Lodge, Bloemfontein, South Africa. 19-22 January. South African Journal of Science 99: vi.
90. Van Jaarsveld, L.C., Swart, W.J., Pretorius, Z.A. & Mathews, C. 2003. Studies on fungal pathogens occurring on pigeonpea in South Africa. 41st Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, Bain’s Game Lodge, Bloemfontein, South Africa. 19-22 January. South African Journal of Science 99: iii.
91. Tesfaendrias, M.T. & Swart, W.J. 2003. Characterization of Botrytis cinerea on kenaf in South Africa. 41st Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, Bain’s Game Lodge, Bloemfontein, South Africa. 19-22 January. South African Journal of Science 99: iii.
92. Van Jaarsveld, L.C., Swart, W.J., Pretorius, Z.A. & Bender, C.M. 2004. Histopathology of rust infection and development in pigeonpea cultivars. 42nd Annual Plant Pathology Congress, SASPP, Cathedral Peak Hotel, Underberg, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. 18-21 January. South
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